a glimpse of the lights
Speaking of lights, you've seen the light. Many companies around the world who create and produce light. The lamp is an object that shone commonly used in the homes, buildings and thoroughfares, electric lights are used to illuminate the dark or at night. There are also many forms, types, characteristics of the lamp. no electric lights that emit white light, and there are also electric lamps that emit yellow light dim. Many electric lights electronics sold in stores, because the function and role is very important. The lamps have some form of some small, medium, and even some that are very large. Here is a definition of what the electric lights and also the definition of the types of electric lights:
Petromax Light
petromax working principle is "gas flame (Flame from Gas) which heats a material that is incandescent in 1885. In the blue flame of a "Bunsen burner" she heats a cloth to shine six times brighter than the fire itself. The cloth suspended above the burner / burners, the only source of heat, in the form which inspired the name "coat" (ie, a robe). The coat is composed of loosely woven cotton soaked in a liquid solution of thorium and cerium nitrate.
After burning a "coat" the first time, the cotton on fire, leaving the skeleton rigid and brittle than thorium and cerium oxide, usually we call "petromax shirt". This oxide emits light when heated to very high temperatures - the principle of incandescent lamps. The newly discovered principle is very revolutionary, especially in the implementation of street lighting, and quickly spread throughout the industrialized world.
Soon, the idea of using liquid fuel for lighting explored. At the end of the 19th century, alcohol-fueled incandescent lamps and kerosene have been developed. This liquid-fueled lamps use pressure to push the fuel to the "burner", and the heat from the burner is used to vaporize the liquid fuel. Thus often called "pressure lamp / lantern".
One of the first and most successful lanterns / pressure kerosene lanterns made from baker was created in 1910 by Max Graetz - so that it becomes the name PETROMAX (Petro and Max) - became world famous. Lamp pumped (The kerosene lantern), and a smaller cousin Geniol lantern, remains popular to this day, both in the private sector and for professional applications.
Principle kerosene lantern that acts as a small gas plant. The fuel tank is pressurized to about 2 atmospheres (2 bar or 30 psi) with air made with a hand pump. This pressure is used to force the liquid into vapor kerosene. Initially, vaporizers should be preheated so that the change of kerosene into gas before lighting materials / petromax shirt. This preheating can be achieved by burning alcohol is poured into a cup preheating located at the base of the vaporiser or under shirts. Once in operation, the heat of the flames blue (wrapped in a t-shirt) is used to convert petroleum liquid to a gas / vapor rising through the vaporizer. Kerosene liquid into vapor at temperatures around 250 ° C (480 ° F), about half way to the top of a vaporizer - see illustration. Kerosene vapors proceed through vaporizer circular, and a rise in temperature, until it comes out of a small hole in the end of the vaporizer near the speed of sound (1000 ft / sec.).
After the steam out of kerosene began to spread and mix with the air in the room was a small square on the side of the lamp pumped. steam mixing kerosene with air resulting kerosene lamp hissing sound when used.Kerosene vapor and air moves into the tube in which both are mixed in a rotating flow (turbulent). This ensures complete combustion and out of the ceramic nozzles, producing heat and flame blue shirts were clean and burn petromax .
X . II
Explanation Electric Lamps & Lighting Electrical Types
Understanding Electric Lamps
Electric lamp is a device that can produce light when an electric current is applied. The electrical current can be derived power is electricity generated by power plants centralized (Centrally Generated Electric Power) as Genset or electricity generated by batteries and accumulators.
symbol Lights
Types of Electric Lamps
Along with the development of technology, Light Electric also has undergone various improvements and progress. Technology Electric Lamp Incandescent Lamp not only invented by Thomas Alva Edison alone but is already composed of various types and technologies. Basically, Electric Lamps can be categorized into three types: Incandescent Lamp (Incandescent Lamps), Gas-discharge Lamp (Gas Discharge Lamp) and Light Emitting Diode (LED lights).
A. Incandescent Lamp (Incandescent Lamp)
Incandescent lamps also called Incandescent Lamp is a type of electrical lamp which produces light by heating the wire filament inside a glass bulb filled with a gas such as nitrogen, argon, krypton, or hydrogen. We can find a wide selection of Glow Lamp in electrical voltage is line voltage range from 1.5V to 300V.
Incandescent lamps that can work on DC and AC current flow is widely used in lamps Luminaries Road, lights Home and Office, Car Lighting, Lamps and Lighting Decoration Flash. Incandescent lamps in general can only last about 1000 hours and require more electrical energy compared with other lamp types.
B. Gas Discharge Lamps (Gas Discharge Lamp)
Gas discharge lamps produce light by sending an electrical discharge through the ionized gas, for example in plasma. The nature of gas discharge is highly dependent on the frequency or modulation of the electric current. Typically, this lamp lights using noble gases (argon, neon, krypton, and xenon) or a mixture of these gases. Most of these lamps also contain additional ingredients, such as mercury, sodium, and / or metal halide.
C. The LED (Light Emitting Diode)
LED lights are electronic components that can emit monochromatic light when a given voltage is developed. LED is a family of diodes made of semiconductor materials. Colors light emitted by LEDs depends on the type of semiconductor material he used. LEDs also emit infrared light that is not visible to the eye as often encountered in Remote Control Remote Control TV or other electronic devices.
LED shape similar to a bulb (light bulb) are small and can be paired easily into a variety of electronic devices. Unlike the Glow Lamp, LED does not require burning filament that does not cause heat producing lightLED symbol .
X . III
Lamp Types
Based lamp types are divided into several groups, among others:
1. Incandescent Lamp (Incandescent Lamps)
2. Halogen lamps
3. Fluorescent Lamp (Lamp TL)
4. Mercury Lamps
5. Low Pressure Sodium Lamps (SOX)
6. High Pressure Sodium Lamps (SON)
7. LED Lights
Incandenscent lamp (Incandescent Lamps)
characteristics
This type of lamp is commonly referred incandenscent incandescent lamps, incandescent bulbs will emit light when electric current passes through a wire filament incandescent lamp and then heating the filaments. Manufacture of incandescent lamps is also based on several factors, namely the temperature of the filament, the gas mixture is loaded, efficacy (im / W), and the life of the lamp.
Prisoners tungsten filament will be higher if the temperature rises, so the rise in voltage will result in up to prisoners will also be a slight increase in the current flowing. Prisoners filaments approximately one-quarter of the state twelve normal temperature in a cold state. One to note the characteristics of incandescent lamps are the effects of changes in voltage to the lamp.
Work principle
The working principle of the incandescent lamp is a way to connect electrical short in the filament of carbon (C) resulting in short-circuit current to the resulting hot embossing. Heated made up to a certain temperature to give off light,
halogen light
mercury light
Kerosene lamp, also called oil lamp has a unique shape. Therefore, these lights also can sometimes be used as a wedding gift or birthday present.
Let modifications kerosene lamp into the lamp without the need for kerosene present again.
Tools :
• LED color free @ 1 piece
• Cable small size (yellow and black) @ 1 m
• Batteries buttons (CR2032) @ 1 piece
• The adhesive / tape @ 1 piece
• Fill blackhousing @ 4 pieces
• Header / fishbone @ 2 pieces
• fuel hose / shrink tube @ 1 m
How to modification without lamp pumped into oil again:
1. Prepare the tool above tools, such as the image above.
2. Cut into 4 pieces black housing contents and unplug the iron content of the header like this:
3. Take the lamp pumped, and then remove all the parts be as shown below.
4. Remove the rope axis by turning the lever to the left.
5. Cut the yellow and black wires with a length of about 15 cm, then peel each end of the cable.
6. Cable ends are peeled and then put on the content of the black housing and sheathed with the fuel hose was cut sufficiently.
7. Take the LED, then pair foot long LED (+) on the cable of yellow and short legs (-) on the black wire.
8. Pull the LED so that its position had a meeting with the hole axis. Attach the end of black housing empty the contents of the header, so that later can be connected to the battery.
9. Adhere the end of the cable to the battery latch (CR2032), this time I used a medical plaster, you should use black duct tape or clear. So it becomes like this:
10. Now try to test whether the LED is lit, if lit then the result will be like this:
11. Attach the parts of a lamp pumped to be like this:
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