e- Industrial and automation engineering in the modernization of all parts of human life AMNIMARJESLOW GOVERNMENT 91220017 Xie Kongo no gijutsu no bakkubōn to shite no erekutoronikusu 02096010014 LJBUSAF __ Thanks to Lord for The electronic subject Mapping on e- S H I N to A / D / S tour Route ____ Gen. Mac Tech Zone electronics as life support

             



Industrial electronics and automation is an important part in the modernization of all parts of human life in this century due to technological advances in the fields of aircraft engineering, shipping and navigation, construction, and genetic engineering and medical research all supported by instruments and electronic control instruments capable To support the existence of industrial electronics and automation tools at this time required knowledge and support skills to help people from physical businesses be replaced with the development of electronic technology in terms of materials and series as well as computer technology and network telecommunications. 



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                                                         Gen . Mac Tech Zone Electronics as Pro Life


The progress of science and technology in the industry is developing fast especially in the field of industrial automation. This development is evident in the manufacturing industry, where previously many jobs used human hands, then switched to using machines, followed by electro-mechanic (semi automatic) and now using robotic (full automatic) such as the use of Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS) and Computerized Integrated Manufacture (CIM) and so on.

Understanding Automation (Automation) Automation is a technology that utilizes mechanical, electronic and computer system applications to operate and control operations. The Industrial Revolution begins with mechanization, which is an effort to help humans from physical effort, namely by replacing human and animal power (horses, buffaloes, cows) with energy produced from fossil energy (coal, oil, water, etc.). With the development of electronic and computer technology, automation is a continuation of mechanization, automation is an effort to help people from their mental efforts in operating and controlling the operation of a process. automation and automation in English are often used interchangeably and have the same meaning, in Indonesian the term Automation is used.

 Development of Automation Technology The term automation was first used in the Fords car industry in Detroit, as an automatic word substitution, so it was originally known as Detroit Automation. At that time Detroit automation meant the conveyor system, which was a mechanical device for handling between machine tools so that it becomes a continuous cross-production. Continuation of Detroit automation is applied to the assembly of electric motors, radios, TVs, "Automated push button factory", Automatic controller of continuous processes. And the technology used is: pneumatic, electric, hydraulic. With the development of electronic and computer technology, the emergence of Integrated Circuits (IC) in the 1960s and the emergence of microprocessors in the 1970s which continued with falling IC and microprocessor prices gave birth to the 2nd Industrial Revolution, which was marked by the increasing level or degree of automation in the industry that was possible . The degree / level of industrial automation is how far industrial automation controls the process of replacing human intervention / assistance.

 Control (Tasks Control) is a measure - command - control, including: - Turn on / turn on (command) - Turn off / stop (command) - Set the process parameters, such as movement, position, flow, speed, temperature, level, pressure, etc. (measure, control or regulate) The heart of modern automatic control systems is now electronic and with the development of computer technology, information and communication technology is possible to design complex and flexible automatic systems .


Industrial Automation Systems include: Numerical Control Machine Tools (NC, CNC) Programmable Controllers (PC / PLC) Automateic Storage and Retrieval Systems (AS / RS) Robotics Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS)

Automation applications in various industrial areas: Power generation: hydro, coal, gas, oil, shale, nuclear, wind, solar Transmission: electricity, gas, oil Distribution: electricity, water Process: paper, rich, food, pharmaceutical, production and process metal, glass, cement, chemical, refinery, oil & gas Manufacturing: computer aided manufacturing (CIM), flexible fabrication, appliances, automotive, aircrafts Storage: silos, elevators, harbor, retail houses, deposits, luggage handling Building: heat, ventilation , air conditioning (HVAC), access control, fire, energy supply, tunnels, parking lots, highways, .... Transportation: rolling stock, street cars, sub-urban trains, busses, trolley busses, cars, ships, airplanes, rockets, satellites, ...

                  In General Hierarchy of Automation Systems can be classified into :

Level 1 • Device Control (Sensors & Actuators)

Level 2 • Machine Controller / Automatic Control)

Level 3 • Cell Controller (Supervisory Control)

Level 4 • Plant Control (Production, Quality, ...)

Level 5 • Enterprise Control 



                                        The automation hierarchy is as follows:
 
Administration includes Finance, HRD, documentation, Enterprise long-term planning including setting production targets, ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning), coordinating different sites, managing orders. Manufacturing manages execution, resources, work flow, quality supervision, production schedule, maintenance. Supervision includes production and field supervision, optimization, operation execution, plant visualization, process data storage, operation logs, Group (Area) history (open loop), controlling a well-defined part of the plant - is closed loop system, except for intervention by the operator / except for intervention of an operator) .

                            The regulatory system approach in automation;

. Instrumentation hardware: how plant conditions are read & controlled (how is the state of a plant  read and controlled)
• Analog signal processing circuits are used where the opamp is a building block.
• Digital systems, binary numbers, basic logic circuits, Analog to Digital Converter and Digital to Analog Converter.
• PID controller for robust systems, in analog and digital (overview)
• PLC - Programmable Logic Controller
• controllers: hardware and software how controllers work and are programmed
• industrial communication networks: how are real-time exchanged data, in the field and in the plant
• operator interface and SCADA how does the operator see the plant it supervises

INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS AND AUTOMATION

Automation and industrial electronics are one of the basic components of a modern technological lines, machines and other equipment. They are used wherever an automatic control and supervision of a process may improve an efficiency and quality of a production process.
Professional repair of industrial electronics is must be :

• diagnostics & troubleshooting of electronics and automation of a production lines (including technical autits, periodic inspection and maintenance)
• maintenance and repair of a power electronic systems (emergency power stations, UPS, power generators, power management systems)
• repair of electronic devices: drivers, controllers, computers, operators panels & monitors, sensors, inverters, diagnosis equipment, etc.
• support in the selection and purchase of parts and components of electronics and industrial automation
• development and implementation of replacements for a hard to reach, obsolete or very expensive products (cards, electronic modules)
• development services in the field of industrial automation (PLC controllers, HMI operator panels, inverters, sensors, transducers, regulators, etc.):
  
  • programming and adaptation
  • backup & archiving
  • functional changes to the software

Electronics plays a major role in designing and developing circuits which consist of diodes, transistors, microchips etc. ... The electronics industry is growing very fast and is creating good job opportunities in industries like mobile phones, IT industry, television, computers, laptops, tablets and palmtops.

The electronics sector produces electronic equipment for industries and consumer electronics products, such as mobile devices, televisions and circuit boards. Industries within electronics include telecommunications, equipment, electronic components, industrial electronics and consumer electronics.
 

                                 Why is electronics important in our life?

Some use computers for play, but all around the world, computers are used for research that save lives. They are used in hospitals to provide information in seconds, that save lives. Much of the equipment used in hospitals are electronic devices. Electronics are everywhere.

                                  What is the application of electronics?

Electronics comprises the physics, engineering, technology and applications that deal with the emission, flow and control of electrons in vacuum and matter. Electronics is widely used in information processing, telecommunication, and signal processing.

                                          Benefits of Using Devices

For children younger than preschool age, electronic devices may help to stimulate the senses and imagination. Some use may help to promote listening ability, learning sounds, and speech. Electronic devices and games may encourage cognitive learning and the development of analytical skills


The advantages of using electronics include the following: Electronics such as computers, laptops, fax machines and printers have become essential components for many businesses. Each of these components can help improve staff productivity and can improve communications.

 

                                        Why do we need electronics?

Generally, electrical appliances need a great deal of energy to make them work so they use quite large (and often quite dangerous) electric currents. ... In a microwave, electricity provides the power that generates high-energy waves that cook your food; electronics controls the electrical circuit that does the cooking
Nowadays many people cannot be separates from electronic devices. They believe it can help them to finish their work. It's true because by using electronic devices it will make us easier to do our job. For instance computer.

 Here is a list of Electronic devices include televisions, DVD players, laptops, desktop computers, mobile phones, iPods, iPads, cameras, fans, ovens, washing machines, game consoles, printers and radios. That should give you a simple reference point in under standing the term Electronic devices.

                              What is power electronics and its applications?

Power electronics is the application of solid-state electronics to the control and conversion of electric power. The first high power electronic devices were mercury-arc valves. ... In industry a common application is the variable speed drive (VSD) that is used to control an induction motor.

The discipline integrates knowledge based on digital electronics and logic design, fundamentals of communication engineering, electronic circuits, signals and systems, power electronics, applied electromagnetic theory, integrated circuits, VLSI, control systems and computer architecture.

                              What is the role of electronics in modern industry?

Electronics plays a major role in designing and developing circuits which consist of diodes, transistors, microchips etc. ... The electronics industry is growing very fast and is creating good job opportunities in industries like mobile phones, IT industry, television, computers, laptops, tablets and palmtops.
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                                             Industrial Electronics

Industrial electronics is a branch of electronics that deals with power electronic devices such as thyristors, SCRs, AC/DC drives, meters, sensors, analyzers, load cells automatic test equipment, mulitimeters, data recorders, relays, resistors, semiconductors, transistors, waveguides, scopes, amplifiers, radio frequency (RF) circuit boards, timers, counters, etc. It covers all of the methods and facets of: control systems, instrumentation, mechanism and diagnosis, signal processing and automation of various industrial applications. The core research areas of industrial electronics include electrical power machine designs, power conditioning and power semiconductor devices. A lot of consideration is given to power economy and energy management in consumer electronic products .

So to put it simply, industrial electronics refers to equipment, tools and processes that involve electrical equipment in an industrial setting. This could be a laboratory, automotive plant, power plant or construction site etc. Industrial electronics are also used extensively in: chemical processing plants, oil/gas/petroleum plants, mining and metal processing units, electronics and semiconductor manufacturing.

The scope of industrial electronics ranges from the design and maintenance of simple electrical fuses to complicated programmable logic controllers (PLCs), solid-state devices and motor drives. Industrial electronics can handle the automation of all types of modern day electrical and mechanical industrial processes. Some of the specialty equipment used in industrial electronics includes: variable frequency converter and inverter drives, human machine interfaces, hydraulic positioners and computer or microprocessor controlled robotics.

Industrial electronics is a large family indeed, but remember it is different than entertainment and consumer electronics. Instead of thinking DVD players and computers we are talking about things such as capacitors, motor drives, panel meters, limit switches and testers. Actually the list goes on and on.

Because industrial electronics covers such a wide range of devices it’s important that you keep on top of your maintenance schedule or you will find yourself replacing items quite frequently. You should also keep abreast of all the new developments in the electronic world as new items are being manufactured all of the time and you may want too upgrade some of your components to stay up to date. As with all types of electronics you should also be aware of all of the safety

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                   Electronic Displays

We may not realize it but you probably see about a dozen electronic displays every day of your life. Every time you watch television, look at your alarm clock, tune in your car radio, read an electronic billboard, ride your electronic exercise bike, use a treadmill and play your DVD player you are witnessing an electronic display. Basically electronic displays are used all over the world to show people a simple visual indication of the output from an electronic device. This is very useful as the display gives us an instantaneous readout of the process. Electronic displays are commonly used in electronic instruments, audio/video equipment, illumination, hoardings, signs, ticker tape displays in stock markets, airports, railway stations, etc.

There are a variety of electronic displays some of them are:

• LCD Displays: These use twisted liquid crystal layers that are placed in between filters. These displays have a very high resolution and are used in high-end monitors.
  
• LED Displays: These uses light emitting diodes. LEDs have a very long life and they consume relatively little power.
  
• VFD displays: These are vacuum fluorescent displays and are bright with wide viewing angles.

Electronic displays also come in both analog, symbol and digital forms. For easy human readable information, digital, analog, and symbol display methods are all very useful. If you are looking for an instant readout or signal, analog meters and indicator lights often convey the information very quickly. A lot of people will quickly look at their analog wrist watch or clock to find out what time it is or look at an automobile dashboard to find out they are low on fuel.

However, when you are looking for accuracy then digital electrical displays are usually better. The task of reading analog meters can take a bit of time and require some know how, but writing down the value on a digital display is simply a case of copying down the numbers. In most instances where both accuracy and quickness are needed, dual displays are often used.

The important parameters to be considered in electronic displays are: the number of characters to be displayed; the type of characters like alpha numeric, alpha, numeric, graphics, special characters, the illumination color, the input voltage, the power consumed and the distance from which people would be viewing the display from, etc.

                    

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        Industrial Electronics Technology

The Industrial Electronics Technology is the modern imagination engineering ; Topics include amplifier and digital circuitry, programmable logic, microprocessors, instrumentation, simulation, troubleshooting and industrial automation and then Aerospace, commercial, consumer, industrial, medical, security, and transportation technologies depend on electronic systems. The operation, implementation, and design of these require knowledgeable technicians and technologists. Industrial Electronics Technology graduates are employed in the design, testing, installation, and troubleshooting of industrial process control systems, robotics devices, communications systems and sophisticated instrumentation .

                             

Industrial electronics technologists are troubleshooting, preventive maintenance, installation and commissioning of equipment in process control systems. In collaboration with engineers, they are also involved in the design or modification of automated systems or electric installations. They are also responsible for the purchase of equipment within the limits of the budget.

With the introduction of the Internet of Things (IoT) and cyber physical system (CPS) concepts in industrial application scenarios, industrial automation is undergoing a tremendous change. This is made possible in part by recent advances in technology that allow interconnection on a wider and more fine-grained scale.

By taking advantage of automation technologies, industrial processes automatically adjusts process variables to set or desired values using closed loop control techniques. Industrial automation increases the level of safety to personnel by substituting them with automated machines in hazardous working conditions.          

Automated and robotic machines for manufacturing operations can pose design challenges. The primary in automotive manufacturing plants, control automation has made significant headway into many industries. Automated systems optimize space and productivity, performing tasks that might otherwise require extensive manual labor. Automation standards have vastly improved industry-wide machine programming consistency and advanced open system architectures, so today’s users have better equipment and software choices. The expansion of automation into broader applications has spurred demand for smarter, more efficient drives, controls and software tools. Staying ahead of the technological curve requires leveraging state of the art tools.


                                  



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                     Future Manufacturing: Automation Industrial Image Processing

 

Machines generate data and information that is becoming increasingly valuable in the age of industry 4.0. Extracting the raw material data from the depths of the machines and then refining it into useful information is an important value creation process.

The technologies to collect and distribute data already exist. They need rules for partnership, technical standards and pragmatic solutions in the automation environment, which together enable all participants in the value chain - machine manufacturers, operators and component suppliers - to achieve added value.

                The case of  Robotic Process Automation: The Future of Business Transformation
               
Automation – getting machines to do the less desirable work – is nothing new; in fact, it’s been around since before the industrial revolution. 


RPA stands for Robotic Process Automation and is seen by many business leaders as the next step in automation. Rather than automating purely computational processes like data processing and analytics, RPA sees businesses automating mundane, rules-based business processes; those that have previously been too technical or ‘human’ for machines. It’s seen as the necessary stopgap between purely computational automation and intelligent automation.

As any sci-fi fan can tell you, AI stands for artificial intelligence and is the technological field that is driving the RPA push. But what is artificial intelligence? Well, to handle the extra complexity of automating non-computational business processes, something that comes so naturally to the human brain, your automation technology needs to be able to think for itself. AI can learn, create and evolve independently of its operator – a mind made of circuitry. The possibilities that come from such intelligent tech are almost endless.

“We are seeing the first forms of AI technologies being introduced,” notes Bhot, “from chatbots to virtual assistants to voice recognition software (aka Siri). These technologies are delivering enhanced customer service, and are also being used in the corporate world as a new and seamless way for employees to interact with existing systems (e.g. procuring goods/services, resolving HR and payroll enquiries, etc.)”

                        

    The role of process automation in business transformation

But how exactly will artificial intelligence and robotic process automation drive growth and innovation in business? Inspiration can be found from local RPA and AI pioneers.
Bhot has seen the benefits of RPA first hand. “EY is the 3rd largest user of automation, having automated our own processes, transforming the roles of our people to focus on higher value activities. Automation will be an integral part of the future of jobs. It doesn’t mean fewer jobs, simply a shift in the value chain of work.

“[RPA programs allow] people to work less on time-consuming and monotonous work and more on rewarding and value-adding work, especially where social and customer interaction is a pivotal part of the job. This shift will result in an increased demand for higher skilled and digital savvy workers, as humans and virtual workers work harmoniously together.”

For Simson, using AI for RPA programs isn’t simply about transferring laborious tasks from humans to robots; she feels as though this technology has the potential to do a better job than humans ever could. And having deployed the Albert AI within the RedBalloon business (part of Big Red Group), the proof is in the pudding.

“At a time when attention is the new currency, brands must offer something of value every single time they interact with a customer. AI can enable this like never before. We’re finding the customer experience has improved substantially; Albert has been able to deliver the right creative, the right message and the right offer to people when and where they want it.”

                             

The benefits of combining RPA with traditional Business Process Management (BPM) methodologies

Robotic process automation technologies might seem, on the surface at least, to be in competition with more traditional business process management (BPM) technologies. Both RPA and BPM aim to make organisations more digitally adept and efficient. But in truth, RPA can fit comfortably within an organisation’s BPM efforts, and indeed relies upon BPM to be successful.

The reason? BPM methodologies offer a framework – a set of fundamental principles – that are able to support the rollout of such a disruptive (but ultimately beneficial) technology as RPA, establishing RPA technologies without first establishing BPM methodologies will mean that there’s no end-to-end view of multiple vital processes, and process documentation will be incomplete, disconnected, or both.

In short, RPA isn’t a single, simple solution. Nor is it a complete, one-size-fits-all solution. In order to be as effective as it can be, it must be deployed as just a small part of a wider BPM strategy that aims to achieve process excellence.

When RPA is implemented correctly it is able to drive serious efficiencies, transferring laborious tasks from employees to technologies. But despite the assurances of Bhot and Simson that workers will be reassigned to higher level tasks, one question will be on the lips of employees everywhere:


                       


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                                    The case study of The Future of Automation

                       

                     Factories of the Future: Automation, Robotics and Manufacturing

Automation is the biggest change manufacturing has ever seen. Manufacturing is constantly being presented with new unique challenges as the world surges forward with technological and innovative advances:
connectedness breeds a “need for speed” in production and delivery,climate change calls for “green” processes and packaging, the social media boom means anything from bad press to faulty items to recalls go viral quickly— highlighting a need for damage control policies. Manufacturing must be able to quickly adapt, act, and react at lightning speeds.

Sustainable practices are not limited to mechanical and machining practicalities. The human element must not be forgotten when thinking of the factory processes of the future. Appropriate training and education, safety requirements, ergonomics, and employee well being play a major role in maintaining the future of our factories, our manufacturing, and our economic infrastructure.
So what are the big players we need to be aware of when it comes to discussing the future of manufacturing and all it encompasses? Efficiency, connectedness, talent, processes, and of course, technology.

                                                                     Efficiency

Efficiency in the future of manufacturing is an all-encompassing, almost holistic, contributor to the way factories will run. With a combination of technology, human skill, and interconnected systems, efficiency is the most sought-after “piece” of the manufacturing puzzle. Mechatronics, robotics, logistics and monitoring systems provide, and will continue to enhance, daily operations and production, while the efficiency in big-picture thinking will flow forward into factory and shop floor design and construction. Electronic efficiency will be seen as data mining, collection, and management software becomes increasingly customizable and used on-demand alongside innovations in online software as a service (Saas). Physical equipment with built-in user interfaces will continue to become more widespread as legacy equipment becomes obsolete, and the simplicity and intuitiveness of touch screens will assist both seasoned workers and newcomers as they do their jobs.

                                                              Connectedness
 
“Smart” is the buzzword that has taken over the tech world, usually used in conjunction with the “Internet of Things”(IoT). Pop culture is filled with coverage on everyday items that are now considered “smart” because they are Wi-Fi enabled and are usually accompanied with some sort of data-tracking app. This sort of IoT connectedness is turning from a personal luxury to a production necessity. Autonomous machines and large and small scale robots are connected to a hub in this way so their performance, production, and functionality can be monitored, and management can be quickly alerted to any failures or mechanical issues. We are moving towards factories that have their assets, inventories, and production lines designed to be configured, monitored, and maintained in synchronicity to support decision making, planning, and operations. As the legacy machines that are currently in operation across the globe fail and are replaced, they are replaced with connectedness in mind.  

                                                                    Talent
 
The lack of skilled workers is currently a massive, global problem in manufacturing, and it will only continue to grow as technologies are adopted into existing processes and the skills gap widens. Singapore has moved to pro-immigration strategies that prioritize work visas in the hopes of attracting more skilled manufacturing professionals. A 2012 initiative in India focused on the skills issue in innovation in science and engineering. The US is feeling the very same crunch, especially as its current workforce ages. The companies that conquer this will be the leaders of manufacturing in the future, and it will be done through the attraction, development, and retention of top performers.

                                                             Technologies

The major, major driving force behind every aspect of industrial and manufacturing change is technology, from electronic circuit boards to robotics. As mentioned above, additive layer manufacturing (commonly known as 3D printing) is evolving in leaps and bounds, and is solidifying its place in manufacturing as the go-to method for producing prototypes, one-offs and specialized metal parts and components. Even “mundane” practices like painting are being disrupted by technology—the Airbus Group is now able to digitally project camouflage designs on to their military helicopters, giving workers a definite map to follow as opposed to painting freehand, resulting in more accurate design placement and shorter lead times. Robotics, as mentioned above, are taking menial and occasionally dangerous tasks from human hands, both as immobile caged devices and mobile units that can perform uniform quality checks (with less room for error than a human’s quality check) or even fetch stock, such as the autonomous rolling shelving in Amazon warehouses. Robotic exoskeletons are not just science fiction any more, either—manufacturers are embracing the idea of wearable robotic structures to help their workers lift impossibly heavy items without risk of injury or fatigue. And as personal electronics get thinner and smaller, so do the technologies behind them. Nanotechnologies require particular manufacturing processes, as do photonics, advanced materials, microelectronics, pneumatic storage devices, and many more.
These predictions and more are the current, mainstream ideas when it comes to discussing what the future of automation in manufacturing holds—but like technology, it is an ever-evolving conversation. it is a dynamic and exciting industry to be in as technologies continue to shape our workforce and economy.

              


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Robot can be integrated as an entity in the Internet of Things (IoT) infrastructure thereby enabling connections between different entities using diverse communication protocols.

                          

                          Gen . Mac Tech  Zone Electronics as Life Support ( Pro Life )

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