android electronics and its functions AMNIMARJESLOW GOVERNMENT 91220017 LOR EL ANDROID FUNCTIONS ON ELECTRONIC LJBUSAF 02096010014 XAM $

                                                                Android  

World is contracting with the growth of mobile phone technology. As the number of users is increasing day by day, facilities are also increasing. Starting with simple regular handsets which were used just for making phone calls, mobiles have changed our lives and have become part of it. Now they are not used just for making calls but they have innumerable uses and can be used as a Camera , Music player, Tablet PC, T.V. , Web browser etc . And with the new technologies, new software and operating systems are required.

                           

What is Android

Operating Systems have developed a lot in last 15 years. Starting from black and white phones to recent smart phones or mini computers, mobile OS has come far away. Especially for smart phones, Mobile OS has greatly evolved from Palm OS in 1996 to Windows pocket PC in 2000 then to Blackberry OS and Android.

 

One of the most widely used mobile OS these days is ANDROID. Android is a software bunch comprising not only operating system but also middleware and key applications. Android Inc was founded in Palo Alto of California, U.S. by Andy Rubin, Rich miner, Nick sears and Chris White in 2003. Later Android Inc. was acquired by Google in 2005. After original release there have been number of updates in the original version of Android.

 

Features & Specifications

Android is a powerful Operating System supporting a large number of applications in Smart Phones. These applications make life more comfortable and advanced for the users. Hardwares that support Android are mainly based on ARM architecture platform. Some of the current features and specifications of android are:

 

Android comes with an Android market which is an online software store. It was developed by Google. It allows Android users to select, and download applications developed by third party developers and use them. There are around 2.0 lack+ games, application and widgets available on the market for users.

 

Android applications are written in java programming language. Android is available as open source for developers to develop applications which can be further used for selling in android market. There are around 200000 applications developed for android with over 3 billion+ downloads. Android relies on Linux version 2.6 for core system services such as security, memory management, process management, network stack, and driver model. For software development, Android provides Android SDK (Software development kit).

 

Applications

These are the basics of Android applications:

•      Android applications are composed of one or more application components (activities, services, content providers, and broadcast receivers)

•      Each component performs a different role in the overall application behavior, and each one can be activated individually (even by other applications)

•      The manifest file must declare all components in the application and should also declare all application requirements, such as the minimum version of Android required and any hardware configurations required

•      Non-code application resources (images, strings, layout files, etc.) should include alternatives for different device configurations (such as different strings for different languages)

 

Google, for software development and application development, had launched two competitions ADC1 and ADC2 for the most innovative applications for Android. It offered prizes of USD 10 million combined in ADC1 and 2. ADC1 was launched in January 2008 and ADC 2 was launched in May 2009. These competitions helped Google a lot in making Android better, more user friendly, advanced and interactive.

  
     XXX  .  V  Electronic Components, Parts and Their Function 

Types of Electronic Components 

Passive electronic components are those that do not have gain or directionality. They are also called Electrical elements or electrical components. e.g. resistors, capacitors, diodes, Inductors.
Active components are those that have gain or directionality. e.g. transistors, integrated circuits or ICs, logic gates.

Electronic Components and Their Functions

1. Terminals and Connectors: Components to make electrical connection.
2. Resistors: Components used to resist current.
3. Switches: Components that may be made to either conduct (closed) or not (open).
4. Capacitors: Components that store electrical charge in an electrical field.
5. Magnetic or Inductive Components: These are Electrical components that use magnetism.
6. Network Components: Components that use more than 1 type of Passive Component.
7. Piezoelectric devices, crystals, resonators: Passive components that use piezoelectric. effect.
8. Semiconductors: Electronic control components with no moving parts.
9. Diodes: Components that conduct electricity in only one direction.
10. Transistors: A semiconductor device capable of amplification.
11. Integrated Circuits or ICs: A microelectronic computer electronic circuit incorporated into a chip or semiconductor; a whole system rather than a single component

Capacitor

• AE: aerial, antenna
• B: battery
• BR: bridge rectifier
• C: capacitor
• CRT: cathode ray tube
• D or CR: diode
• F: fuse
• GDT: gas discharge tube
• IC: integrated circuit
• J: wire link
• JFET: junction gate field-effect transistor
• L: inductor
• LCD: Liquid crystal display
• LDR: light dependent resistor
• LED: light emitting diode
• LS: speaker
• M: motor
• MCB: circuit breaker
  

  Diode
• Mic: microphone
• Ne: neon lamp
• OP: Operational Amplifier
• PCB: printed circuit board
• PU: pickup
• Q: transistor
• R: resistor
• RLA: RY: relay
• SCR: silicon controlled rectifier
• FET: field effect transistor
• MOSFET: Metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor
• TFT: thin film transistor(display)
• VLSI: very large scale integration
  

  Integrated Circuit (IC)
• DSP: digital signal processor
• SW: switch
• T: transformer
• TH: thermistor
• TP: test point
• Tr: transistor
• U:integrated circuit
• V: valve (tube)
• VC: variable capacitor
• VFD: vacuum fluorescent display
• VR: variable resistor
• X: crystal, ceramic resonator
• XMER: transformer
• XTAL: crystal
• Z: zener diode

Electronic Companies (Manufacturers, Suppliers and Exporters):

1. Allied Electronics : List and details of all Actives and Passive Electronic Components.
   

   Inductors
    
2. Electronics Design World: Electronic components distributor Newark offers semiconductors, passives, interconnects, electromechanical, power source, specialty products, test and measurement equipment.
3. PartNumber.com – Free part utility to assign part numbers: An applet that assigns intelligent (significant) part numbers to components in electronic products.
   

   Resistors
    
4. Electronic Components Database – otxi.com: Online Technology Exchange, Inc.Electronic Component Distributor for Obsolete, Hard to Find, discontinued Integrated Circuits and Semiconductors. Providing an online parts search component database.
5. TOYO COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT CO. LTD., Japan: Manufacturers and Suppliers of: Synthetic Quartz Crystals & Crystal Blanks, Microprocessor use/High Stability Ultra-Miniature & Surface
   

   Transistors
   Mount Type Crystals, HCM-Filters for Mobile/Cordless Telephones, Paging Receivers & other Communication Systems, SPXO / TCXO / DTCXO & OCXO Type Crystal Oscillators, Saw Devices upto 1-GHz
6. NIC COMPONENTS CORPORATION, U.S.A./Japan: Manufacturers and Suppliers of: Multi-Layer Ceramic Chip Capacitors, Chip Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors, Chip Resistors/Resistor Networks, SMT Thermistors /Inductors / Varistors,
   

   Logic Gates
   Tantalum Chip Capacitors, Metallized Polyester Film Capacitor Chips, Leaded Miniature Electrolytic / Tantalum Capacitors, Ferrite Beads & Rectifier Diodes
7. RCD COMPONENTS, U.S.A. : Manufacturers and Suppliers of: Surface Mount Products, Chip Resistors, SIP-Networks & Active/Passive-Delay Lines, Resistor Network in Surface Mount, SIP/DIP packages, Wire-Wound Resistors, Resistance Standards, Carbon-Film, Metal Film & Metal Oxide Resistors, Special Purpose High Precision Resistors, Inductive Products/ Delay Lines, Surface Mount Ceramic Chip Capacitors, Surface Mount Tantalum Chip Capacitors
8. RARA ELECTRONICS CORPORATION, Korea: Manufacturers and Suppliers of: Wire Wound Resistors, Power Film Resistors, RF Resistors, Current Sensing Resistors, Precision Resistors, High Voltage Resistors
9. MEGAPHASE LLC, U.S.A. : Manufacturers and Suppliers of: TM Series Cables, VN Series Cables, Series 1 & 2 Cables, Series 3 & 5 Cables, Series 7 Cables, Jump Shot Coaxial Jumper Cables, 75-Ohm Site Line Test Cables, CM Series Test Cable, SF Series Test Cables, Site Line Field & Production Test Cable: SL Series, TM Series Bench Test Cables, Semi-Rigid Cable Assemblies, Micro-Miniature Semi-Rigid Cable Assemblies

    XXX  .  V0  Parts of a Mobile Cell Phone and Their Function  

There are all kinds of parts and electronic components in a mobile cell phone. These parts and components can be divided into Big Parts and Small Parts. This article explains all about big parts and components in a mobile cell phone and their function. 

When learning how to repair a mobile cell phone, it is important to identify its parts and understand their function. Here I must also remind you that any PCB of a mobile phone is divided into 2 sections namely: Network Section; and Power Section. Have a look at the image below to understand PCB of a mobile cell phone.

     

1. Antenna Switch: It is found in the Network Section of a mobile phone
   

   Cell Phone Antenna Switch
   and is made up of metal and non-metal. In GSM sets it is found in white color and in CDMA sets it is found in golden metal.
   Work: It searches network and passes forward after tuning.
   Faults: If the Antenna Switch is faulty then there will be no network in the mobile phone.
2. P.F.O: It is found near the Antenna Switch in the Network Section of the
   

   Cell Phone PFO
   PCB of Mobile Phone. It is also called P.A (Power Amplifier) and Band Pass Filter.
   Work: It filters and amplifies network frequency and selects the home network.
   Faults: If the PFO is faulty then there will be no network in the mobile phone. If it gets short then the mobile phone will get dead.
3. RF IC / Hagar / Network IC: This electronic component found near
   

   Cell Phone Network IC / RF IC
   the PFO in the Network Section of a Mobile Phone. It is also called RF signal processor.
   Work: It works as transmitter and receiver of audio and radio waves according to the instruction from the CPU.
   Faults: If the RF IC is faulty then there will be problem with network in the mobile phone. Sometimes the mobile phone can even get dead.
4. 26 MHz Crystal Oscillator: It is found near the PFO in the Network
   

   Mobile Phone 26 MHz Crystal Oscillator
   Section of a Mobile Phone. It is also called Network Crystal. It is made up of metal.
   Work: It creates frequency during outgoing calls.
   Faults: If this crystal is faulty then there will be no outgoing call and no network in the mobile phone.
5. VCO: It is found near the Network IC in the Network Section of a Mobile
   

   Mobile Phone VCO
   Phone.
   Work: It sends time, date and voltage to the RF IC / Hager and the CPU. It also creates frequency after taking command from the CPU.
   Faults: If it is faulty then there will be no network in the mobile phone and it will display “Call End” or “Call Failed”.

6. RX Filter: It is found in the Network Section of a Mobile Phone.
   

   Mobile Phone RX Filter
   Work: It filters frequency during incoming calls.
   Faults: If it is faulty then there will network problem during incoming calls.

7. TX Filter: It is found in the Network Section of a Mobile Phone.
   

   Mobile Phone TX Filter
   Work: It filters frequency during outgoing calls.
   Faults: If it is faulty then there will network problem during outgoing calls.

8. ROM: It is found in the Power Section of a Mobile Phone.
   

   Mobile Phone ROM
   Work: It loads current operating program in a Mobile Phone.
   Faults: If ROM is faulty then there will software problem in the mobile phone and the set will get dead.

9. RAM: It is found in the Power Section of a Mobile Phone.
   

   Mobile Phone RAM
   Work: It sends and receives commands of the operating program in a mobile phone.
   Faults: If RAM is faulty then there will be software problem in the mobile phone and it will get frequently get hanged and the set can even get dead.

10. Flash IC: It is found in the Power Section of a Mobile Phone. It is also
    

    Cell Phone Flash IC
    called EEPROM IC, Memory IC, RAM IC and ROM IC.
    Work: Software of the mobile phone is installed in the Flash IC.
    Faults: If Flash IC is faulty then the mobile phone will not work properly and it can even get dead.

11. Power IC: It is found in the Power Section of a Mobile Phone. There are
    

    Cell Phone Power IC
    many small components mainly capacitor around this IC. RTC is near the Power IC.
    Work: It takes power from the battery and supplies to all other parts of a mobile phone.
    Faults: If Power IC is faulty then the set will get dead.

12. Charging IC: It is found in the Power Section near R22.
    

    Cell Phone Charging IC
    Work: It takes current from the charger and charges the battery.
    Faults: If Charging IC is faulty then the set will not get charged. If the Charging IC is short then the set will get dead.

13. RTC (Simple Silicon Crystal): It is Real Time Clock and is found in
    

    Mobile Phone RTC (Real Time Clock)
    the Power Section near Power IC. It is made up of either metal or non-metal. It is of long shape.
    Work: It helps to run the date and time in a mobile phone.
    Faults: If RTC is faulty then there will be no date or time in the mobile phone and the set can even get dead.

14. CPU: It is found in the Power Section. It is also called MAD IC, RAP IC
    

    Cell Phone CPU
    and UPP. It is the largest IC on the PCB of a Mobile Phone and it looks different from all other ICs.
    Work: It controls all sections of a mobile phone.
    Faults: If CPU is faulty then the mobile phone will get dead.

15. Logic IC / UI IC: It is found in any section of a mobile phone. It has 20
    

    Cell Phone Logic IC
    pins or legs. It is also called UI IC and Interface IC.
    Work: It controls Ringer, Vibrator and LED of a mobile phone.
    Faults: If Logic IC / UI IC is faulty then Ringer, Vibrator and LED of mobile phone will nor work properly.

16. Audio IC: It is found in Power Section of a mobile phone. It is also
    

    Cell Phone Audio IC
    called Cobba IC and Melody IC.
    Work: It controls Speaker and Microphone of a mobile phone.
    Faults: If Audio IC is faulty then Speaker and Microphone of a mobile phone will not work and the set can even get dead.    

     XXX  .  V00  Small Parts / Electronic Components of Mobile Phone and Their Function 


he PCB of a mobile cell phone has several small parts or electronic components. When learning mobile repairing, it is important to learn and understand how to identity these small parts or electronic components and understand their function....

The PCB of a mobile cell phone has several small parts or electronic components. When learning mobile repairing, it is important to learn and understand how to identity these small parts or electronic components and understand their function. Identification of these small parts on the PCB of a mobile phone is easy if you know and understand some of the basic rules. It is also important to understand what to do if any of these small components is faulty. 

Boost Coil: Its size is little bigger than coil. It is found in black colour and

Mobile Phone Coil

looks like a large button. Its function is to increase current. If this coil gets damaged then it has to be changed.

Coil: It is found in any section of a mobile phone. It is found in many shapes and sizes. Coils are found in 2 colours: (i) Black and white; and (ii) Blue and white. It has binding of copper coil inside. It filters and decreases Current and Voltage.

Capacitor: 3 types of capacitor are found in a mobile cell phone:

1. Non-Electrolytic Capacitor: It is found in any section of a mobile
   

   Mobile Cell Phone Capacitor
   phone. Its height is little more than chip resistance. It can be of gray, yellow or brown in color. It has no Positive (+) or Negative (-) side. It filters DC current.

2. Electrolytic Capacitor: It is found in any section of a mobile phone. Its size is larger than non-electrolytic capacitor. It is found in 2 colors – (i) Orange with brown strip: and (ii) Black with white strip. The side with the strip is Positive (+) and the other side is Negative (-). It filters and stores current.

3. Network Capacitor: It is found in any section of a mobile phone. It is made from 2 or more Non-Electrolytic Capacitors.

Coupler: This electronic component is found in the Network Section of a

Mobile Phone Coupler

mobile phone. It is of either black or white color and has 6 pins bent inside.

Function: It filters network.

Faults: If the coupler is faulty then there will be no network in the mobile phone.

Diode: Diodes are of 4 types:-

1. Rectifier Diode: It is found in black color and converts AC Current to DC Current. It passes current in one direction. It does not pass current in reverse direction.
   

   Mobile Phone Rectifier Diode

2. LED: It is found in white or light yellow color and emits light.
   

   Mobile Phone LED

3. Zener Diode: It is found in charging section. It filters and minimize current and passes forward. It acts as voltage regulator. Zener diode has fixed capacity like 4V, 6V, 8V etc.
   

   Mobile Phone Zener Diode

4. Photo Diode: It is used for Infrared. It captures Infrared Rays.
   

   Mobile Phone Photo Diode

Regulator: This electronic component is found in any section of a mobile phone. It is of black color and has 5 or 6 legs. It filters current and regulates voltage.

Mobile Phone Regulator

Resistance or Resistor: There are 2 types of resistance on the PCB of a

Mobile Phone Resistor

mobile phone:

1. Chip Resistance: It can be found in any section of a mobile phone. It is of black color. In some sets it is also found in blue and green colour. It is the smallest electronic components on the PCB of a mobile phone. It Decreases current and passes forward.

2. Network Resistance: It can be found in any section of a mobile phone. It is made from 2 or more Chip Resistance.

Transistor: This electronic component is found in any section of a mobile phone. It is of black color and it has 3 legs. It does the work of switching.

Mobile Cell Phone Transistor

                                          XXX  .  V000  Rooting (Android) 

Rooting is the process of allowing users of smartphones, tablets and other devices running the Android mobile operating system to attain privileged control (known as root access) over various Android subsystems. As Android uses the Linux kernel, rooting an Android device gives similar access to administrative (superuser) permissions as on Linux or any other Unix-like operating system such as FreeBSD or macOS.
Rooting is often performed with the goal of overcoming limitations that carriers and hardware manufacturers put on some devices. Thus, rooting gives the ability (or permission) to alter or replace system applications and settings, run specialized applications ("apps") that require administrator-level permissions, or perform other operations that are otherwise inaccessible to a normal Android user. On Android, rooting can also facilitate the complete removal and replacement of the device's operating system, usually with a more recent release of its current operating system.
Root access is sometimes compared to jailbreaking devices running the Apple iOS operating system. However, these are different concepts: Jailbreaking is the bypass of several types of Apple prohibitions for the end user, including modifying the operating system (enforced by a "locked bootloader"), installing non-officially approved applications via sideloading, and granting the user elevated administration-level privileges (rooting). Only a minority of Android devices lock their bootloaders^, and many vendors such as HTC, Sony, Asus and Google explicitly provide the ability to unlock devices, and even replace the operating system entirely.^[ Similarly, the ability to sideload applications is typically permissible on Android devices without root permissions. Thus, it is primarily the third aspect of iOS jailbreaking (giving users administrative privileges) that most directly correlates to Android rooting.

Overview

Rooting lets all user-installed applications run privileged commands typically unavailable to the devices in the stock configuration. Rooting is required for more advanced and potentially dangerous operations including modifying or deleting system files, removing pre-installed applications, and low-level access to the hardware itself (rebooting, controlling status lights, or recalibrating touch inputs.) A typical rooting installation also installs the Superuser application, which supervises applications that are granted root or superuser rights by requesting approval from the user before granting said permissions. A secondary operation, unlocking the device's bootloader verification, is required to remove or replace the installed operating system.
In contrast to iOS jailbreaking, rooting is not needed to run applications distributed outside of the Google Play Store, sometimes called sideloading. The Android OS supports this feature natively in two ways: through the "Unknown sources" option in the Settings menu and through the Android Debug Bridge. However, some US carriers, including AT&T, prevented the installation of applications not on the Play Store in firmware,^[4] although several devices are not subject to this rule, including the Samsung Infuse 4G;^[5] AT&T lifted the restriction on most devices by the middle of 2011.^[6]
As of 2011^[update], the Amazon Kindle Fire defaults to the Amazon Appstore instead of Google Play, though like most other Android devices, Kindle Fire allows sideloading of applications from unknown sources,^[7] and the "easy installer" application on the Amazon Appstore makes this easy. Other vendors of Android devices may look to other sources in the future. Access to alternate apps may require rooting but rooting is not always necessary.
Rooting an Android phone lets the owner add, edit or delete system files, which in turn lets them perform various tweaks and use apps that require root access.^[8]

Advantages

Advantages of rooting include the possibility for complete control over the look and feel of the device. As a superuser has access to the device's system files, all aspects of the operating system can be customized with the only real limitation being the level of coding expertise.^[9] Immediately expectable advantages of rooted devices include the following:^[10][11]

• Support for themes, allowing everything to be visually changed from the color of the battery icon, to the boot animation that appears while the device is booting, and more.
• Full control of the kernel, which, for example, allows overclocking and underclocking the CPU and GPU.
• Full application control, including the ability to backup, restore, or batch edit applications, or to remove bloatware that comes pre-installed on many phones.
• Custom automated system-level processes through the use of third-party applications.^[12]
• Ability to install a custom firmware (also known as a custom ROM) or software (such as Xposed, Magisk, Busybox, etc.) that allows additional levels of control on a rooted device.

Methods

Some rooting methods involve use of the command prompt and development interface called Android Debug Bridge (ADB), while other methods may use specialized applications and be as simple as clicking one button. Devices, or sometimes even different variants of the same device, can have different hardware configurations. Thus, if the guide, ROM, or root method used is for a device variant with a different hardware setup, there is a risk of bricking the device.^[13]
In recent years, there is a new method of rooting Android devices called "systemless root". Systemless root uses various techniques to gain root access without modifying the system partition of a device. One example is Magisk,^[14] which also has an ability to hide root access from other applications that refuse to work, such as Safetynet protected applications like Android Pay and Pokémon Go.
The distinction between "soft rooting" through a third-party application which uses a security vulnerability ("root exploit") and "hard-rooting" by flashing a su binary executable is sometimes made.^[15] If a phone can be soft rooted, it is vulnerable to malware.^[15]
SuperOneClick is probably the famous rooting tool, because it can root all types of Android phones and versons. Using USB connection to a computer and executing it. ^[16]

Varieties

The process of rooting varies widely by device, but usually includes exploiting one or more security bugs in the firmware of (i.e., in the version of the Android OS installed on) the device.^[15] Once an exploit is discovered, a custom recovery image that will skip the digital signature check of firmware updates can be flashed. Then a modified firmware update that typically includes the utilities needed to run apps as root can be installed. For example, the su binary (such as an open-source one paired with the Superuser^[17] or SuperSU application^[18]) can be copied to a location in the current process' PATH (e.g., /system/xbin/) and granted executable permissions with the chmod command. A third-party supervisor application, like Superuser or SuperSU, can then regulate and log elevated permission requests from other applications. Many guides, tutorials, and automatic processes exist for popular Android devices facilitating a fast and easy rooting process.
The process of rooting a device may be simple or complex, and it even may depend upon serendipity. For example, shortly after the release of the HTC Dream (HTC G1), it was discovered that anything typed using the keyboard was being interpreted as a command in a privileged (root) shell. Although Google quickly released a patch to fix this, a signed image of the old firmware leaked, which gave users the ability to downgrade and use the original exploit to gain root access.

Manufacturer support

Some manufacturers, including LG, HTC, and Motorola, provide official support for unlocking the bootloader which allows for rooting without exploiting a vulnerability.^[19] However, the support may be limited only to certain phones - for example, LG released its bootloader unlock tool only for certain models of its phones.^[20]
The Google-branded Android Google Nexus line of devices can be boot-loader unlocked by simply connecting the device to a computer while in boot-loader mode and running the Fastboot protocol with the command fastboot oem unlock.^[21] After accepting a warning, the boot-loader is unlocked, so a new system image can be written directly to flash without the need for an exploit.

Difficulties

In the past, many manufacturers have tried to make non-rootable phones with more elaborate protections (like the Droid X), but they are usually still rootable in some way. There may be no root exploit available for new or recently updated phones, but one is usually available within a few months.^[22]

Industry reaction

Until 2010, tablet and smartphone manufacturers, as well as mobile carriers, were mainly unsupportive of third-party firmware development. Manufacturers had expressed concern about improper functioning of devices running unofficial software^[23] and related support costs. Moreover, firmware such as OmniROM and CyanogenMod sometimes offer features for which carriers would otherwise charge a premium, such as tethering. Due to that, technical obstacles such as locked bootloaders and restricted access to root permissions have commonly been introduced in many devices. For example, in late December 2011, Barnes & Noble and Amazon.com, Inc. began pushing automatic, over-the-air firmware updates, 1.4.1 to Nook Tablets and 6.2.1 to Kindle Fires, that removed one method to gain root access to the devices. The Nook Tablet 1.4.1 update also removed users' ability to sideload apps from sources other than the official Barnes & Noble app store (without modding).^[24][25]
However, as community-developed software began to grow popular in the late 2009 to early 2010,^[26][27] and following a statement by the Copyright Office and Librarian of Congress (US) allowing the use of "jailbroken" mobile devices,^[28] manufacturers and carriers have softened their position regarding CyanogenMod and other unofficial firmware distributions. Some manufacturers, including HTC,^[29] Samsung,^[30] Motorola^[31] and Sony Mobile Communications^[32] actively provide support and encourage development.
In 2011, the need to circumvent hardware restrictions to install unofficial firmware lessened as an increasing number of devices shipped with unlocked or unlockable bootloaders, similar to the Nexus series of phones. Device manufacturer HTC has announced that it would support aftermarket software developers by making the bootloaders of all new devices unlockable.^[23] However, carriers, such as Verizon Wireless and more recently AT&T, have continuously blocked OEMs, such as HTC and Motorola, from releasing retail devices with unlocked bootloaders, opting instead for "developer edition" devices that are only sold unsubsidized and off-contract. These are similar in practice to Nexus devices, but for a premium and with no contract discounts.
In 2014, Samsung released a security service called Knox, which is a tool that prevents all modifying of system and boot files, and any attempts set an eFuse to 0x1, permanently voiding the warranty.^[33]

Legality

International treaties have influenced the development of laws affecting rooting. The 1996 World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Copyright Treaty requires nations party to the treaties to enact laws against DRM circumvention. The American implementation is the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA), which includes a process for establishing exemptions for non-copyright-infringing purposes such as rooting. The 2001 European Copyright Directive implemented the treaty in Europe, requiring member states of the European Union to implement legal protections for technological protection measures. The Copyright Directive includes exceptions to allow breaking those measures for non-copyright-infringing purposes, such as to run alternative software,^[34] but member states vary on the implementation of the directive.

Australia

In 2010, Electronic Frontiers Australia said that it is unclear whether rooting is legal in Australia, and that anti-circumvention laws may apply.^[35] These laws were strengthened by the Copyright Amendment Act 2006.

Canada

In November 2012, Canada amended its Copyright Act with new provisions prohibiting tampering with digital locks, with exceptions including software interoperability.^[36] Rooting a device to run alternative software is a form of circumventing digital locks for the purpose of software interoperability.
There had been several efforts from 2008-2011 to amend the Copyright Act (Bill C-60, Bill C-61, and Bill C-32) to prohibit tampering with digital locks, along with initial proposals for C-11 that were more restrictive,^[37] but those bills were set aside. In 2011, Michael Geist, a Canadian copyright scholar, cited iPhone jailbreaking as a non-copyright-related activity that overly-broad Copyright Act amendments could prohibit.^[38]

European Union

The Free Software Foundation Europe argues that it is legal to root or flash any device. According to the European Directive 1999/44/CE, replacing the original operating system with another does not void the statutory warranty that covers the hardware of the device for two years unless the seller can prove that the modification caused the defect.^[39]

United Kingdom

The law Copyright and Related Rights Regulations 2003 makes circumventing DRM protection measures legal for the purpose of interoperability but not copyright infringement. Rooting may be a form of circumvention covered by that law, but this has not been tested in court.^[34][40] Competition laws may also be relevant.^[41] See also "European Union" section above.

India

India's copyright law permits circumventing DRM for non-copyright-infringing purposes.^[42][43] Indian Parliament introduced a bill including this DRM provision in 2010 and passed it in 2012 as Copyright (Amendment) Bill 2012.^[44] India is not a signatory to the WIPO Copyright Treaty that requires laws against DRM circumvention, but being listed on the US Special 301 Report "Priority Watch List" applied pressure to develop stricter copyright laws in line with the WIPO treaty.^[42][43]

New Zealand

New Zealand's copyright law allows the circumvention of technological protection measure (TPM) as long as the use is for legal, non-copyright-infringing purposes.^[45][46] This law was added to the Copyright Act 1994 as part of the Copyright (New Technologies) Amendment Act 2008.

Singapore

Rooting might be legal in Singapore if done to provide interoperability and not circumvent copyright, but that has not been tested in court.

United States

The Unlocking Consumer Choice and Wireless Competition Act guarantees that consumers can unlock or let others unlock their phones. Under the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) rooting was illegal in the United States except by exemption. The U.S. Copyright Office granted an exemption to this law "at least through 2015".
In 2010, in response to a request by the Electronic Frontier Foundation, the U.S. Copyright Office explicitly recognized an exemption to the DMCA to permit rooting. In their ruling, the Library of Congress affirmed on July 26, 2010 that rooting is exempt from DMCA rules with respect to circumventing digital locks. DMCA exemptions must be reviewed and renewed every three years or else they expire.
On October 28, 2012, the US Copyright Office updated their exemption policies. The rooting of smartphones continues to be legal "where circumvention is accomplished for the sole purpose of enabling interoperability of [lawfully obtained software] applications with computer programs on the telephone handset." However, the U.S. Copyright office refused to extend this exemption to tablets, arguing that the term "tablets" is broad and ill-defined, and an exemption to this class of devices could have unintended side effects. The Copyright Office also renewed the 2010 exemption for unofficially unlocking phones to use them on unapproved carriers, but restricted this exemption to phones purchased before January 26, 2013.
Tim Wu, a professor at Columbia Law School, argued in 2007 that jailbreaking is "legal, ethical, and just plain fun." Wu cited an explicit exemption issued by the Library of Congress in 2006 for personal unlocking, which notes that locks "are used by wireless carriers to limit the ability of subscribers to switch to other carriers, a business decision that has nothing whatsoever to do with the interests protected by copyright" and thus do not implicate the DMCA. Wu did not claim that this exemption applies to those who help others unlock a device or "traffic" in software to do so. In 2010 and 2012, the U.S. Copyright Office approved exemptions to the DMCA that allow users to root their devices legally. It is still possible to employ technical countermeasures to prevent rooting or prevent rooted phones from functioning. It is also unclear whether it is legal to traffic in the tools used to make rooting easy


                                                         Android Dev Phone 

The Android Dev Phone (ADP) is a SIM-unlocked and bootloader unlocked Android device that is designed for advanced developers. While developers can use regular consumer devices purchased at retail to test and use their apps, some developers may choose not to use a retail device, preferring an unlocked or no-contract device. The Google Nexus series has now taken the role of "development phones".

Android Dev Phone 1

On December 5, 2008, Google announced the Android Dev Phone 1, a version of the HTC Dream. The Android Dev Phone 1 is a SIM-unlocked and bootloader unlocked device that is designed for advanced developers. The device ships with a system image that is fully compatible with Android 1.0. It is possible to use any Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) in the device and one can flash custom Android builds that will work with the unlocked bootloader. Unlike the bootloader on retail devices, the bootloader on the Android Dev Phone 1 does not enforce signed system images. The Android Dev Phone 1 should also appeal to developers who live outside T-Mobile geographies. The device itself costs $399 (US) (including free shipping in the US). Google states that "The Android Dev Phone 1 devices are not intended for non-developer end-users. Because the device can be configured with system software not provided by or supported by Google or any other company, end-users operate these devices at their own risk."

Criticism

The Android Dev Phone 1 device is available for public purchase. To purchase one, one must first register as an Android developer on the Google Play site, which costs $25 (US). There is also a limit of 10 devices per developer account. Registration provides a method by which Google can track developers, but so far Google only states that registration (and the 10-devices limit) is "to accommodate demand".

System access and copy protection

Applications developed for distribution on Google Play allow the developer to enable copy protection which prevents the end user from copying the application from the phone. Because the Android Dev Phone allows unrestricted access to the OS, this copy protection is disabled. If the developer enables copy protection on their application, then the application does not appear on Google Play for the Dev Phone.

Availability

The device is available for purchase in 19 international markets, including United States, United Kingdom, Germany, Japan, India, Canada, France, Taiwan, Spain, Australia, Singapore, Switzerland, Netherlands, Austria, Sweden, Finland, Poland, Egypt and Hungary.

Hardware specifications

Android Dev Phone 1:

• Touch screen
• Trackball
• 3.2 megapixel camera with autofocus
• Wi-Fi
• GPS-enabled
• Bluetooth v2.0
  • Handsfree profile v1.5
  • Headset profile v1
• 3G WCDMA (1700/2100 MHz)
• Quad-band GSM (850/900/1800/1900 MHz)
• 256 MB flash memory
• 192 MB RAM
• QWERTY slider keyboard
• Includes 1 GB MicroSD card (can be replaced with up to 16 GB card

Android Dev Phone 2

The Android Dev Phone 2 is a hardware unlocked version of the HTC Magic. The Android Dev Phone 2 is a SIM-unlocked and bootloader unlocked device that is designed for advanced developers. The device ships with a system image that is fully compatible with Android 1.6. It is possible to use any SIM in the device and one can flash custom Android builds that will work with the unlocked bootloader. Unlike the bootloader on retail devices, the bootloader on the Android Dev Phone 2 does not enforce signed system images. The Android Dev Phone 2 should also appeal to developers who live outside T-Mobile geographies. The device itself costs $399 (USD) (including free shipping in the US)."

Availability

The device is available for purchase in 21 international markets, including United States, United Kingdom, Germany, Japan, India, Canada, France, Taiwan, Spain, Australia, Singapore, Switzerland, Netherlands, New Zealand, Austria, Sweden, Estonia, Finland, Poland, Egypt and Hungary.^[5]

• 3.0 megapixel camera with autofocus
• Wi-Fi 802.11b/g
• A-GPS-enabled
• Bluetooth v2.0 with EDR
• 3G WCDMA (1700/2100 MHz)
• Quad-band GSM (850/900/1800/1900 MHz)
• 512 MB flash memory
• 288 MB RAM
• MicroSD card slot
• USB 2.0
• 1340 mAh Battery

     XXX  .  V00000 15+ Must Have Android Apps for Electrical & Electronics Engineers & Students

Smartphones made our life too smart. As we know that books and desktop applications are already available. But, everyone and then we electrical and electronics engineers, contractors, electricians, hobbyists and Students like a list of the best electrical and electronics engineering apps to be installed on our Smartphones and mobiles, because these applications can make your job faster like ideal.

 

Here is the list of the best Electrical and Electronics Apps (Applications like Calculator, convertor, circuit simulator, analyzing, solving, and designing etc) for Android Smartphones and Mobiles users.

1. Electrical Technology

Electrical Technology Android App

“Electrical Technology” is a very basic Android App (developed by us) for Electrical & Electronics Engineering students and Technicians.

The plus point of this Electrical Android App is that you can use it offline i.e. without internet connection. So you are able to use the useful Electrical tools as well as Electrical & Electronics Engineering Calculators and Articles to learn something new anytime, anywhere without worrying about mobile data charges.

The bright features of the Electrical Technology android app is that there are 10+ advanced and most important Electrical Engineering calculators e.g. advance voltage drop calculator, Wire & Cable size calculator in AWG, Advance Wire size calculator, IC 555 Timer Calculator, Required Value of Resistor for LED’s Circuit Calculator, Battery Size and capacity calculators etc.  included for free.

In addition, you can learn basic Electrical and Electronics Engineering tutorials and troubleshooting (step by step) abut Basic Electrical Concept, Basic Electronics, Troubleshooting and repairing, Power system, Solar power system and more without internet connection.

More Calculators and Advance Articles are expected in the next update. So don’t miss to download as well as to share with your friends.

In addition, it is Free and Always will be Happy learning.

2. ElectroDroid

One of the most powerful tool and Electrical and Electronic app on the market, you must have installed on your Android phone. It has more than 1,000,000 (to 5,000,000) installs. This app contains a lot of useful color code, sources information and calculators likewise:-

Resistor, inductor, Capacitor color code and their standard tables and design, Power Calculator, SMD resistor color code, Voltage divider rule, Ohm’s Law calculator, Reactance/Resonance calculator, , Capacitor charges calculation value, Voltage Drop calculator,(Star-Delta & Delta –Star) Y-Δ Transformation, LED resistor calculator, Battery Life calculator.

AWG and SWG Wire size, Electrical Symbols & Schematic and other resources.
Operational amplifier calculator, Analog-Digital Converter, NE555 calculator, Frequency Converter
Port pin-out (USB, DVI RJ, VGA, HDMI, Phone cable color code, Color Code for Fiber Optic Cables and much more…
This app comes in two versions, Free and pro. While pro version allows you to use more features

3. EveryCircuit

This is another recommended android Smartphones app for electrical and especially for electronics engineers and students.

EveryCircuit app lets you understand that how do design different important electronic circuits and how they work.

In this app, you can build any electrical or electronics circuit like Logic gate, LED flashing circuits, Resistive, inductive, capacitive, operational amplifier and other electrical & electronics circuits. Simply tap to design and play. And you can watch dynamic charge, current and voltage colorful animations with waveforms.

This app also comes in two versions, Free and pro. While pro version allows you to use more features.

Once you will install, you will truly enjoy it.

4. Lessons In Electric Circuits

This is a very good book and resource of Electrical and electronic engineering in the form of Android app for Electrical and Electronics Engineers and Students. If you install this, I am sure you will remember me in your prayers Don’t miss it. It’s contains 6 volume viz:-
Volume.  1 — DC
Volume.  2 — AC
Volume.  3 — Semiconductors
Volume.  4 — Digital
Volume.  5 — Reference
Volume.  6 – Experiments

5. DroidTesla

DroidTesla is a simple and SPICE tool. Its permit you to solve, simulate and analyze different electrical and electronic circuits by using KCL and KVL. It has the ability to solve both linear and nonlinear circuits like resistive, capacitive, inductive and BJT, Transistor, Diode, AC/DC Voltage and Current sources, 555, MOSFETS, Logic gate and much more…

This app comes in two versions, Free and pro. While pro version allows you to use more features

6. Electronics Toolkit

Electronic tool kit provides to calculate unknown quantities in the field of electrical and electronics engineering. It provides a resistor color code, power calculator, and Ohm’s Law, Series, Parallel, and Series/Parallel combination of inductors, capacitor and resistors.

It is also calculated resistivity, Power factor triangle, i.e. active, reactiveand apparent, magnetic fields, reactances and much more… This app also comes in two versions, Free and pro. While pro version allows you to use more features.

7. Electrical Pro

Electrical Pro is a great tool for Electrical and Electronic Engineers and electricians. This app is a compilation of five sub apps that use the 2008/2011 National Electric Code (NEC).

This allows you to calculate motor calculations, fault calculations, Voltage drop, wire ampacity, residential feeder size, Transformer calculations and a lot of other things…

This app comes into pro version only and you will need to buy it.

8. Electrical Engineering Pack

This is one of the most comprehensive apps for electrical and electronics engineers and students consisting of 39 Electrical/Electronic calculator and 16 Electrical/ Electronic Convertors. I think it does not need to mention all these calculators and convertors name because almost, everything related to electrical and electronics is here in this app i.e. all in one.

This app comes into pro version only and you will need to buy it.

9. Electrical Wiring

It is the tool which calculates Residential load, Conduit fill, Ground wire sizing, Voltage drop, Copper & Aluminum wire sizes, Electrical Motors and other components, Neutral current and Demand load in Amp in VA.

This app also comes in two versions, lite and pro. While pro version allows you to use more features

10. Electrical calculations

Electrical Calculation is an essential app for electrical and electronics engine3erins and electricians. It has the ability to identify the unknown values of different quantities of electrical and electronics circuits. There are lots of electrical calculators available in this app at once. This app also comes in two versions, free and pro. While pro version allows you to use more features

11. Electrical LV Calculator

Electrical LV Calculator is a very useful app of Low Voltage for electrical engineers, technicians and students.

This app allows you to design electrical system that reduces the reactive power, i.e. improve power factor, Maximum allowable power installation, and calculate the short circuit current, Voltage drop, the automatic switch current in A, calculate the minimum and maximum cable and wire size, calculate the number of earth electrodes and earth resistance etc.…

12. Electrical Engineering

Electrical Engineering app consists of 3 useful Electrical/Electronic tools, likewise (1) electrical calculator, (2) Electrical circuit calculator and (3) Electrical formulas. These three categories in simple to understand, but you can also see a list of best electrical and electrons engineering Book and E-Books to buy them.

13. PICmicro Database

This app allows you to check and compare the characteristic, applying filters and features of different and well-known dcPIC and PIC Microcontrollers product and components by Microchip.

14. mPlan : Electrical diagrams

This app allows you to design and draw different electrical schematicdiagrams. It is a very good app for electrical engineers, technician and especial for electricians. You can check the screen shoots. But you will need to read the help menu first to do so.

15. Mobile electrician

Mobile electrician is another great tool and android app for electrical and electronics engineers, students, technician and electrician.

It consists on a lot of important electrical and electronics calculators and convertors. I’m pretty sure you will like it. You can also check Online and Offline NEC Code Book 2011 and other EE-books in different languages.

16. Electronics Calculator

Electronics Calculator is a very good app for electrical but especially for electronics engineers and students. This app calculate 4, 5, and 6 band Resistors, Capacitor calculator and Conversion table, Capacitor code convertor (values to code and vise versa) and resistor and capacitor in series and parallel.

                   

                                       12 Volt Battery Charger Diagram 


            XXX  .  V000000  The Android Operating System: 10 Unique Features  


   


 
With Android operating system (OS) KitKat version 4.4 rolling out to mobile devices across the globe, Google is on to something—Android is now more popular than iOS or the Windows phone. The OS tends to garner rave reviews for its ease of use and open source, but many iOS or Windows phone users argue that their preferred operating system can do just as much. In some respects that’s true, but here are 10 features unique to Android’s OS.
1) Near Field Communication (NFC)
Most Android devices support NFC, which allows electronic devices to easily interact across short distances. The main aim here is to create a payment option that is simpler than carrying credit cards or cash, and while the market hasn’t exploded as many experts had predicted, there may be an alternative in the works, in the form of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE).
2) Alternate Keyboards
Android supports multiple keyboards and makes them easy to install; the SwiftKey, Skype, and 8pen apps all offer ways to quickly change up your keyboard style. Other mobile operating systems either don’t permit extra keyboards at all, or the process to install and use them are tedious and time-consuming.
3) Infrared Transmission
The Android operating system supports a built-in infrared transmitter, allowing you to use your phone or tablet as a remote control.
4) No-Touch Control
Using Android apps such as Wave Control, users can control their phones touch-free, using only gestures. Have messy hands but need to turn off your screen or change a song? Simple. This could prove especially useful if you’re driving, so you can keep both eyes on the road.
5) Automation
The Tasker app lets you not only control app permissions but also automate them. Do you only want your location services to be active during the day? Want to create a customized way to start your music—for example, with a voice command and at a certain volume? Tasker can help.
6) Wireless App Downloads
Accessing app stores on any mobile device can be frustrating, but iOS makes it a little more difficult—download an app on your computer, and it won’t sync to your mobile device until you plug in and access iTunes. Using the Android Market or third-party options like AppBrain, meanwhile, let you download apps on your PC and then automatically sync them your Droid, no plugging required.

7) Storage and Battery Swap
Android phones also have unique hardware capabilities. Google’s OS makes it possible to remove and upgrade your battery or to replace one that no longer holds a charge. In addition, Android phones come with SD card slots for expandable storage.
8) Custom Home Screens
While it’s possible to hack certain phones to customize the home screen, Android comes with this capability from the get-go. Download a third-party launcher like Nova, Apex or Slide and you can add gestures, new shortcuts, or even performance enhancements for older-model devices.
9) Widgets
Apps are versatile, but sometimes you want information at a glance instead of having to open an app and wait for it to load. Android widgets let you display just about any feature you choose, right on the home screen—including weather apps, music widgets, or productivity tools that helpfully remind you of upcoming meetings or approaching deadlines.
10) Custom ROMs
This is a big one. Because the Android operating system is open source, developers can tweak the current OS and build their own versions, which users can download and install in place of the stock OS. Some are filled with features, while others change the look and feel of a device. Chances are if there’s a feature you want, someone has already built a custom ROM for it.
Android offers a host of options not found in comparable mobile operating system


                                  XXX  .  V0000000  What is Android Beam? 

    

Android Beam lets you teleport just about anything from one phone to another. But first you need a device with NFC capabilities.

Courtesy Google

Minus the slashing and sawing, smartphones are the Swiss-Army knives of connectivity. Thanks to their WiFi and Bluetooth capabilities, as well as a variety of ports and cables, you can zip files around all over to your heart's content. But setting up connections between two smartphones can be a Vulcan-like pain in the neck. If only there were a way to just "beam" data from one phone to another.
Scotty might not be able to solve that problem, but Google has by adding Beam to its Android OS (operating system). Beam is a capability built into Android-based smartphones, tablets and other mobile devices . 

According to Google representatives, you can sum up Beam as this: it's a feature that enables just about any type of proximity-based interaction.
Yes, that kind of corporate-speak is too vague for us, too. Here's another way of thinking about Beam. Just touch your smartphone to another smartphone or tablet to transfer files, Web site links, YouTube videos, links to apps, maps and directions -- or just about anything else you can think of. Because Google's Android OS (operating system) is found on about half of smartphones sold these days, Beam is already spreading throughout the land [source: Mobiletor].
But here's the catch. In order to engage Beam, you need a phone with near field communication (NFC) capabilities. 

Scotty Would Like This Beam

      

Want to share a YouTube video? Just press Touch to Beam and then your friend's phone picks up the same video. It even begins playing the clip right from the spot where you left off.

Courtesy Google

Beam is a lot like having a Star Trek transporter device for your phone, and it relies entirely on NFC. Like Bluetooth, near field communication is a type of wireless communications standard.
As its name implies, it works only in close proximity (about 4 inches or fewer) to another NFC device. NFC is still an emerging technology, and even by 2014, it may still only be shipped in about 20 percent of the world's cell phones  

You can buy NFC phones right now, though. In the United States, the only carrier with NFC phones is Sprint, but you can bet that the list of phones will expand rapidly in the near future. In order for Beam to work, both smartphones involved in the interaction must contain NFC chips, or tags.
Once you find a friend who has an NFC phone, Beam is designed to be exceedingly easy to use. Let's say your phone is displaying directions to your favorite sushi restaurant, and your friend wants to meet you there later.
You can instantly share those directions with Beam. You just touch your phone to your friend's, and a "Touch to Beam" prompt appears on your phone. Tap the screen and your map immediately appears on the other phone. Now your pal has no excuse for getting lost or being late.
The same process works for Web sites, online videos, pictures, contacts and a whole lot more. Perhaps best of all, because Beam is part of Android's open-source development philosophy, any third-party company can dream up their own creative or crazy uses for Beam.
But at present, Beam will sit idle in a dark corner of most Android phones, primarily because so few phones actually have the NFC chips that make Beam work.

                                   


 XXX  .  V0000000  The best calendar apps for Android and iOS help you organize a chaotic day

 

 

 

 

 

Fantastical 2

For iOS, the best calendar app can only be Fantastical 2. It works with the iPhone, iPad, and Apple Watch, and it takes advantage of some of the new hardware features like 3D Touch and Force Touch. What pushes it above the rest of the apps available on iOS is how it supports multiple languages, lets people use speech to create reminders, and even supports the use of simple text phrases to make reminders and alerts. It’s intuitive, quick, convenient, and feature-rich, which is everything you want from an app you’re hoping will make your life easier to schedule.

The iPad app gets its own unique dashboard view, which provides quick and easy access to all of your events and reminders. If you have an Apple Watch, there’s a dedicated app for that as well, which will have your reminders pushed to it, and allow you to speak directly to the watch to add new events, thanks to the Force Touch capabilities. English, French, German, Italian, Spanish, and Japanese are all supported.

Many of the app’s features are standard fare and just what you’d expect a calendar app to offer, but Fantastical 2 strives to make every process more convenient in order to save time. For example, you can start a sentence with “reminder,” “to do,” or “task” to create reminders, or use phrases like “remind me tomorrow at 3PM,” or “alarm 3PM” to set new alerts. You can also add a geofence to an alert so that it’ll go off when you leave or arrive at a specific location. For example, if you head out to a grocery store, you’ll be reminded of the fact that you need milk and bread.

 

CloudCal

For Android users, we can’t recommend CloudCal enough. CloudCal has a unique way of showing how busy you are on any given day. The Android app uses a system it calls Magic Circles, which turn the days of the month into clock faces, and show different colored circles, or segments of a circle. Each one corresponds to whatever tasks you have scheduled for that day. If it’s someone’s birthday, there would be a complete magic circle on that day. If you have a meeting at work that same day, there would be another colored segment on the outside of the previously mentioned circle labeled “Meeting.” The goal of the magic circle system is to give people a rough understanding of what their day will be like, and how much free time they’ll have in between everything.
To complement the magic circles, CloudCal features gesture support, customizable views, calendar import, and it can work alongside other apps like Uber, Maps, and Waze. However, that requires those apps to be installed, and you’ll need to purchase the Pro version of the app for $2.50 first. Once installed, you can call an Uber from within CloudCal, or use Maps and Waze to attach locations to scheduled events and tasks. The biggest factor behind our recommendation is the app’s unique Magic Circles system, which is stylish and gets information across quickly. There’s also the fact that you can use other apps like Uber, Maps, and Waze to complement CloudCal’s features and functions. We also like that you can attach photos, audio files, and Dropbox files to events.



The Rest

     5
Calendars 5 is so named because it’s the fifth version of Readdle’s Calendars app, meaning its developer has had a lot of time to invest in this particular app and its features. The current incarnation of the app works with both the iPhone and iPad, allowing you to keep track of your events across iOS devices. It’s a simple feature, but an invaluable one for those deep in the Apple ecosystem who already use the iPhone’s default Calendar app. Of course, a calendar app is nothing without intuitive ways to create new events, schedules, and alerts, and Calendars 5 does it all incredibly well.
Enter, for example, “Meet John at Starbucks on Sunday,” and the app will automatically create an event on Sunday to meet at Starbucks. Need to get a larger picture of what you have planned for the next week or month? The app has multiple views to show your schedule while utilizing the iPhone’s screen to the fullest. Was the aforementioned meeting at Starbucks supposed to be on Saturday instead? Drag the event from one day to another, and the changes will be reflected on your other devices. Edits can be made offline as well, which will then be synced the next time you have a Wi-Fi connection.
Additional features of Calendars 5 include being able to set recurring events, set custom alerts, and invite others to your events and tasks. And, more importantly, this is all done within an app featuring a design that looks and feels right at home on the iOS platform.

Tiny Calendar

If you need a simple alternative to the pre-loaded calendars on iPhone and Android devices, you can’t go wrong with Tiny Calendar. The free version of this app lets you do all the basic things you need a calendar app to do: work offline, sync edits and information across devices, see multiple layouts, and create reminders that will notify you either through push notifications or via email. You can use your device’s GPS to add specific locations to events, forgoing the need to look up directions later. Furthermore, you can sync Tiny Calendar with local calendars or Google Calendar, giving you more of an incentive to use it if the stock options are not to your liking. The downside to all of this, of course, is the presence of ads, which can be done away with when you upgrade to the Pro version of the app.
In addition to being ad-free, the $7 Tiny Calendar Pro app offers a few extra features, such as the ability to accept invites and invite others, the option to export events through email, and the ability to create recurring events. You also get access to more blue and gray themes, which is great if you want to change the color scheme of the app.

Google Calendar

You may think that Google Calendar works best for people already invested in all things Google, but that’s not necessarily true. If Gmail is your primary email service, you’ll see certain events like your upcoming flights, booked hotels, and restaurant reservations added to your Google calendar automatically. Aside from that, non-Gmail users will get the same functions out of it.
You’ll find the usual options, like being able to set reminders for upcoming events and check your to-dos scheduled for the same day as those events. There are different calendar views to show you what’s taking place on a certain day or during a specific week. Google Calendar also links seamlessly with other calendars you may use, such as Samsung’s S-Planner or Apple’s iCloud. One of the more special things Google Calendar can do, though, is the option to set personal goals. Want to run three times a week, or get in some time to play video games? The app will schedule time for those things automatically.
Unfortunately, based on user reviews, your experience may vary when it comes to how well Google Calendar actually works. Some have said that alarms and reminders have stopped working, or it doesn’t sync across devices, while others simply want additional features to make the app better. However, there are also users with no complaints who say it works as intended, and hope to continue using it. If you’re a heavy Gmail user, it’s definitely worth checking out.

 

aCalendar

The aCalendar app provides an easy way to navigate between calendar views and increments of time, which should make using the app easier and save you some precious time. It breaks down to two simple swiping motions. You swipe left/right to change between daily, weekly, monthly, and yearly views, and swipe up/down to move forward and backward in time. If you’re in the monthly view, checking your July schedule, and swipe up, you’ll smoothly transition to August, swipe down twice and you’ll be in June. The simplicity of the app doesn’t end with navigation. Double-tapping, for example, will immediately change the calendar view to a day view, instead of having to swipe left/right to achieve the same result. To add a new event, you press down for a slightly longer increment of time, while three consecutive taps can be customized to trigger certain actions.
As far as features go, the free version of aCalendar is capable of pulling birthdays from your contacts list and adding them automatically, which also includes adding photos for them. The app has several widgets, including widgets for your agenda and full-screen widgets for each of the calendar views and dates. Beyond that, you can manage your Google Calendar and set recurring events, as well as share events using either QR codes or NFC barcodes. If you want your calendar to feel more personal, there are 48 colors to choose from.
The $5 version of aCalendar comes with a few more features that some people may find useful. Aside from the removal of ads, aCalendar+ will provide access to advanced settings and task management, add public holidays to the calendar, and introduce several “business features,” like being able to invite attendees, link contacts, and add privacy.


 

The Rest (continued)

Jorte Calendar & Organizer

Jorte aspires to be more than just a calendar. It wants to be the main organization app in your life, and the diary with which you catalog your day-to-day experiences. Available for both iOS and Android, Jorte can sync with a number of other calendars, note-taking apps, and task managers, including Google Calendar, Google Task, Evernote, and Microsoft Office. The app is also supported by a dedicated cloud service, which can be used to sync data across devices, create backups, and even share calendars with others, provided they’re also using Jorte.
Jorte is also all about personalization. It gives you dozens of colors, background images, and fonts to choose from, and even encourages you to use your own fonts. In-app purchases include additional icons, wallpapers, and themes, so it’s pretty unlikely you’ll have a hard time finding a style you like.
As far as calendar features go, Jorte doesn’t disappoint. There are monthly, weekly, and daily views, you can change the starting day of the week from Sunday, for those with weeks that don’t play out like everyone else’s, and there’s also a countdown feature that lets you know how many days are left for specific events. It also supports recurring events and provides you with the means to set events to occur every week, bi-weekly, yearly, or every first day of the month.
As if that wasn’t enough, Jorte can act as a diary as well. Photos and comments can be added to diary entries, and it can also be shared with others. In the event you find yourself running out of space for photos, or want a little more customization, Jorte Premium can give you what you need. For $3 per month or $30 for the year, you get the ability to create a total of five calendars, no ads, passcode security implementation, unlimited premium themes, and more.

               ===== MA THEREFORE ANDROID ELECTRONIC MATIC ======